PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.